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This calculator uses the Friis transmission equation to calculate the maximum range of a radio link. It assumes free space propagation and does not take into account other factors such as interference, multi-path fading, or obstacles.
The sensitivity values are taken from the ExpressLRS documentation and are based on the modulation and bandwidth settings.
The custom adjustment allows you to include external factors, such as a safety margin to account for real-world conditions. We suggest using a custom value of between -3dB and -10dB in your calculations to account for cross-polarization loss, turnarounds, shadowing, etc.